2025-08-19

IELTS Vocabulary for Water (B2): Academic Words & Collocations

Master B2-level water vocabulary for IELTS with 180+ academic terms, natural collocations, and expert usage examples. Essential water-related terminology for high-band performance across all IELTS skills.

IELTS Vocabulary for Water (B2): Academic Words & Collocations

Quick Summary

B2-level water vocabulary encompasses sophisticated terminology beyond basic water cycle terms, including water conservation, aquatic ecosystems, hydrological processes, and water resource management concepts essential for high-band IELTS environmental topics. Mastery requires understanding precise definitions, natural collocations, and appropriate academic register usage.

This comprehensive guide provides 180+ carefully selected water-related terms with expert definitions, authentic collocations, and contextual examples designed for IELTS success. Coverage includes water conservation vocabulary, aquatic environment terms, water quality expressions, and hydrology-related collocations that demonstrate sophisticated environmental awareness.

Key areas include water sustainability terminology, pollution control vocabulary, freshwater ecosystem expressions, and conservation-related phrases that show advanced environmental literacy. Each entry includes pronunciation guidance, usage notes, and register appropriateness indicators for optimal IELTS application.

Strategic vocabulary development through thematic categorization, contextual application, and environmental awareness ensures confident usage across IELTS Writing, Speaking, Listening, and Reading tasks involving water-related topics.

Core Water Vocabulary Categories

1. Water Conservation & Management

Water Conservation Terminology

conservation /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: The protection and careful use of natural resources
  • Key Collocations: water conservation, conservation efforts, conservation measures
  • Academic Usage: "Effective water conservation measures reduce consumption significantly."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 2 (environment), Speaking Part 3 (environmental protection)

sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ (noun)

  • Definition: Meeting present needs without compromising future resource availability
  • Key Collocations: environmental sustainability, sustainable practices, sustainability goals
  • Academic Usage: "Water sustainability requires comprehensive resource management strategies."
  • IELTS Context: Environmental essays, Speaking about future planning

stewardship /ˈstuːərdʃɪp/ (noun)

  • Definition: Responsible management and protection of resources entrusted to one's care
  • Key Collocations: environmental stewardship, water stewardship, responsible stewardship
  • Academic Usage: "Effective environmental stewardship ensures water resource preservation."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about responsibility, Speaking about environmental protection

scarcity /ˈskersəti/ (noun)

  • Definition: Insufficient supply relative to demand
  • Key Collocations: water scarcity, acute scarcity, scarcity issues
  • Academic Usage: "Water scarcity affects billions of people globally."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 2 (global problems), Reading about resource challenges

drought /draʊt/ (noun)

  • Definition: Prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall
  • Key Collocations: severe drought, drought conditions, drought resistance
  • Academic Usage: "Severe drought conditions threaten agricultural productivity."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about climate change, Speaking about weather patterns

Resource Management Terms

watershed /ˈwɔːtərʃed/ (noun)

  • Definition: Area of land that drains water to a common outlet
  • Key Collocations: watershed management, watershed protection, watershed boundaries
  • Academic Usage: "Watershed management requires coordinated regional planning."
  • IELTS Context: Reading about geography, Writing about water systems

aquifer /ˈækwɪfər/ (noun)

  • Definition: Underground layer of permeable rock containing groundwater
  • Key Collocations: underground aquifer, aquifer depletion, aquifer recharge
  • Academic Usage: "Aquifer depletion threatens long-term water security."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading passages, Writing about water resources

reservoir /ˈrezərˌvwɑːr/ (noun)

  • Definition: Large natural or artificial lake storing water supply
  • Key Collocations: water reservoir, reservoir capacity, reservoir management
  • Academic Usage: "Reservoir capacity determines regional water availability."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 1 (describing systems), Speaking about infrastructure

allocation /ˌæləˈkeɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Distribution of resources according to specific criteria
  • Key Collocations: water allocation, resource allocation, fair allocation
  • Academic Usage: "Equitable water allocation remains a global governance challenge."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about fairness, Speaking about resource distribution

rationing /ˈræʃənɪŋ/ (noun)

  • Definition: Controlled distribution of scarce resources in limited quantities
  • Key Collocations: water rationing, rationing system, rationing measures
  • Academic Usage: "Water rationing becomes necessary during severe shortages."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about crisis management, Speaking about resource control

2. Water Quality & Treatment

Water Quality Assessment

contamination /kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Presence of harmful substances making something impure
  • Key Collocations: water contamination, groundwater contamination, contamination sources
  • Academic Usage: "Industrial contamination poses serious threats to water quality."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about pollution, Speaking about health risks

purification /ˌpjʊrəfəˈkeɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of removing contaminants to make something clean
  • Key Collocations: water purification, purification system, purification methods
  • Academic Usage: "Advanced purification systems ensure safe drinking water."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about technology, Speaking about health improvement

filtration /fɪlˈtreɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of passing liquid through filter to remove particles
  • Key Collocations: water filtration, filtration system, natural filtration
  • Academic Usage: "Natural filtration processes improve groundwater quality."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 1 (process description), Reading about water treatment

disinfection /ˌdɪsɪnˈfekʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of destroying harmful microorganisms
  • Key Collocations: water disinfection, disinfection methods, chemical disinfection
  • Academic Usage: "Proper disinfection prevents waterborne disease transmission."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about health protection, Speaking about safety measures

turbidity /tərˈbɪdəti/ (noun)

  • Definition: Cloudiness or haziness of fluid caused by suspended particles
  • Key Collocations: water turbidity, high turbidity, turbidity levels
  • Academic Usage: "High turbidity indicates potential water quality problems."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading passages, Writing about water assessment

Treatment Processes

sedimentation /ˌsedəmənˈteɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of particles settling from suspension
  • Key Collocations: sedimentation process, natural sedimentation, sedimentation tank
  • Academic Usage: "Sedimentation removes suspended particles during water treatment."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 1 (process), Reading about water treatment

coagulation /koʊˌæɡjəˈleɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of small particles clumping together into larger masses
  • Key Collocations: chemical coagulation, coagulation process, coagulation agents
  • Academic Usage: "Chemical coagulation improves particle removal efficiency."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading about water treatment, Writing about processes

chlorination /ˌklɔːrəˈneɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Treatment process using chlorine for disinfection
  • Key Collocations: water chlorination, chlorination system, chlorination levels
  • Academic Usage: "Water chlorination significantly reduces waterborne diseases."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about health improvement, Reading about water treatment

desalination /diːˌsæləˈneɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable
  • Key Collocations: seawater desalination, desalination plant, desalination technology
  • Academic Usage: "Desalination technology provides alternative freshwater sources."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about technology solutions, Speaking about innovation

3. Aquatic Ecosystems & Biodiversity

Freshwater Environments

ecosystem /ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəm/ (noun)

  • Definition: Community of organisms interacting with their physical environment
  • Key Collocations: aquatic ecosystem, freshwater ecosystem, ecosystem balance
  • Academic Usage: "Freshwater ecosystems support remarkable biodiversity."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about environment, Speaking about nature conservation

biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ (noun)

  • Definition: Variety of life forms within ecosystems
  • Key Collocations: aquatic biodiversity, biodiversity conservation, biodiversity loss
  • Academic Usage: "Aquatic biodiversity faces increasing threats from pollution."
  • IELTS Context: Environmental Writing Task 2, Speaking about conservation

wetlands /ˈwetlændz/ (noun)

  • Definition: Areas saturated with water supporting distinct vegetation
  • Key Collocations: wetland conservation, wetland restoration, wetland destruction
  • Academic Usage: "Wetland restoration provides essential ecosystem services."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about habitat protection, Reading about environments

riparian /rɪˈperiən/ (adjective)

  • Definition: Relating to or situated on banks of rivers or streams
  • Key Collocations: riparian zone, riparian vegetation, riparian habitat
  • Academic Usage: "Riparian vegetation prevents erosion and filters pollutants."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading passages, Writing about river systems

estuary /ˈestʃuˌeri/ (noun)

  • Definition: Tidal mouth of river where freshwater meets seawater
  • Key Collocations: river estuary, estuary ecosystem, estuary protection
  • Academic Usage: "Estuaries serve as crucial nurseries for marine species."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about coastal environments, Reading about geography

Marine Environments

marine ecology /məˈriːn ɪˈkɑːlədʒi/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Study of organisms in ocean environments and their interactions
  • Key Collocations: marine ecology research, marine ecology conservation
  • Academic Usage: "Marine ecology research reveals complex oceanic relationships."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Writing about science, Reading about ocean studies

coral reef /ˈkɔːrəl riːf/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Underwater ecosystem built by coral organisms
  • Key Collocations: coral reef destruction, coral reef bleaching, coral reef conservation
  • Academic Usage: "Coral reef ecosystems face severe climate change threats."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about environmental protection, Speaking about ocean health

ocean acidification /ˈoʊʃən əˌsɪdəfəˈkeɪʃən/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Ongoing decrease in ocean pH due to carbon dioxide absorption
  • Key Collocations: ocean acidification effects, ocean acidification research
  • Academic Usage: "Ocean acidification threatens marine ecosystem stability."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about climate change, Reading about ocean science

overfishing /ˌoʊvərˈfɪʃɪŋ/ (noun)

  • Definition: Fishing at rates exceeding species' reproductive capacity
  • Key Collocations: overfishing impacts, overfishing prevention, overfishing consequences
  • Academic Usage: "Overfishing dramatically reduces marine biodiversity."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about resource exploitation, Speaking about sustainability

4. Water Pollution & Environmental Impact

Pollution Sources & Types

industrial discharge /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈdɪstʃɑːrdʒ/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Release of industrial waste into water systems
  • Key Collocations: toxic industrial discharge, industrial discharge regulations
  • Academic Usage: "Industrial discharge regulations protect water quality standards."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about pollution control, Speaking about environmental law

agricultural runoff /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˈrʌnˌɔːf/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Water carrying agricultural chemicals into water bodies
  • Key Collocations: agricultural runoff pollution, agricultural runoff management
  • Academic Usage: "Agricultural runoff contributes significantly to water pollution."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about farming impacts, Speaking about pollution sources

eutrophication /juːˌtroʊfəˈkeɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Excessive nutrient enrichment causing algae overgrowth
  • Key Collocations: eutrophication process, eutrophication effects, eutrophication prevention
  • Academic Usage: "Eutrophication threatens freshwater ecosystem balance."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading about water quality, Writing about environmental problems

sewage treatment /ˈsuːɪdʒ ˈtriːtmənt/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Process of removing contaminants from wastewater
  • Key Collocations: sewage treatment plant, sewage treatment systems, adequate sewage treatment
  • Academic Usage: "Adequate sewage treatment prevents waterborne disease outbreaks."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about urban planning, Speaking about infrastructure

toxic waste /ˈtɑːksɪk weɪst/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Hazardous materials harmful to living organisms
  • Key Collocations: toxic waste disposal, toxic waste contamination, toxic waste management
  • Academic Usage: "Proper toxic waste management protects groundwater resources."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about industrial responsibility, Speaking about environmental safety

Environmental Consequences

bioaccumulation /ˌbaɪoʊəˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Gradual buildup of substances in living organisms
  • Key Collocations: bioaccumulation effects, toxic bioaccumulation, bioaccumulation process
  • Academic Usage: "Toxic bioaccumulation affects entire aquatic food chains."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading about pollution effects, Writing about environmental health

habitat degradation /ˈhæbɪˌtæt ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃən/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Deterioration of natural environment quality
  • Key Collocations: habitat degradation causes, habitat degradation prevention
  • Academic Usage: "Water pollution causes severe habitat degradation."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about conservation, Speaking about environmental protection

species extinction /ˈspiːʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Complete disappearance of species from existence
  • Key Collocations: species extinction rates, species extinction prevention, mass species extinction
  • Academic Usage: "Water pollution accelerates aquatic species extinction rates."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about biodiversity loss, Speaking about conservation urgency

5. Hydrological Processes & Water Cycle

Natural Water Processes

precipitation /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Water released from clouds in form of rain, snow, or hail
  • Key Collocations: annual precipitation, precipitation patterns, precipitation levels
  • Academic Usage: "Changing precipitation patterns affect regional water availability."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about climate, Reading about weather systems

evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of liquid water changing to water vapor
  • Key Collocations: water evaporation, evaporation rate, evaporation process
  • Academic Usage: "Increased evaporation rates intensify water cycle dynamics."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 1 (process description), Speaking about natural processes

transpiration /ˌtrænspəˈreɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of water movement through plants and evaporation from leaves
  • Key Collocations: plant transpiration, transpiration rate, transpiration process
  • Academic Usage: "Plant transpiration contributes significantly to atmospheric moisture."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading about biology, Writing about plant processes

infiltration /ˌɪnfɪlˈtreɪʃən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Process of water soaking into soil
  • Key Collocations: water infiltration, infiltration rate, soil infiltration
  • Academic Usage: "Soil infiltration capacity affects groundwater recharge rates."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about natural processes, Reading about hydrology

groundwater recharge /ˈɡraʊndˌwɔːtər ˈriːtʃɑːrdʒ/ (noun phrase)

  • Definition: Process of water moving downward to replenish aquifers
  • Key Collocations: natural groundwater recharge, groundwater recharge rates
  • Academic Usage: "Groundwater recharge rates determine aquifer sustainability."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about water resources, Reading about hydrology

Water Flow Systems

tributary /ˈtrɪbjəˌteri/ (noun)

  • Definition: Stream or river flowing into larger waterbody
  • Key Collocations: river tributary, major tributary, tributary system
  • Academic Usage: "River tributaries transport nutrients throughout watershed systems."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about geography, Reading about river systems

confluence /ˈkɑːnfluəns/ (noun)

  • Definition: Junction where two or more rivers meet
  • Key Collocations: river confluence, confluence point, confluence area
  • Academic Usage: "River confluences often support diverse aquatic ecosystems."
  • IELTS Context: Academic Reading about geography, Writing about natural features

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ (noun)

  • Definition: Volume of water flowing through specific point per time unit
  • Key Collocations: river discharge, discharge rate, discharge measurement
  • Academic Usage: "River discharge rates fluctuate seasonally with precipitation patterns."
  • IELTS Context: Writing Task 1 (data description), Reading about river systems

basin /ˈbeɪsən/ (noun)

  • Definition: Area of land drained by river system
  • Key Collocations: river basin, drainage basin, basin management
  • Academic Usage: "River basin management requires international cooperation."
  • IELTS Context: Writing about water management, Reading about geography

Advanced Collocations & Phrases

Water Conservation Expressions

Conservation Actions:

  • "implement conservation measures"
  • "adopt sustainable practices"
  • "promote water stewardship"
  • "reduce consumption significantly"
  • "enhance efficiency dramatically"

Example Usage: "Communities must implement comprehensive conservation measures to address growing water scarcity."

Sustainability Language:

  • "ensure long-term sustainability"
  • "maintain ecological balance"
  • "preserve natural resources"
  • "protect future generations"
  • "achieve sustainable development"

Example Usage: "Effective watershed management ensures long-term sustainability of freshwater resources."

Environmental Impact Phrases

Pollution Description:

  • "contaminate water sources"
  • "degrade aquatic habitats"
  • "threaten ecosystem stability"
  • "compromise water quality"
  • "endanger species survival"

Example Usage: "Industrial discharge continues to contaminate vital freshwater sources."

Restoration Language:

  • "restore natural ecosystems"
  • "rehabilitate degraded habitats"
  • "enhance water quality"
  • "revitalize aquatic communities"
  • "improve environmental conditions"

Example Usage: "Wetland restoration projects successfully revitalize aquatic communities."

Academic Register Expressions

Scientific Processes:

  • "facilitate natural filtration"
  • "accelerate purification processes"
  • "optimize treatment efficiency"
  • "enhance removal capabilities"
  • "improve system performance"

Analysis Language:

  • "comprehensive assessment reveals"
  • "monitoring data indicates"
  • "research demonstrates"
  • "evidence suggests"
  • "studies confirm"

Cause & Effect Relationships:

  • "consequently results in"
  • "directly contributes to"
  • "significantly impacts"
  • "ultimately leads to"
  • "substantially affects"

Contextual Usage Examples

IELTS Writing Task 2 Application

Water Conservation Essay:

"The global water crisis demands immediate implementation of comprehensive conservation measures across all sectors. While technological innovations in desalination and water purification offer promising solutions, sustainable practices and responsible stewardship remain fundamental to ensuring long-term water security.

Industrial discharge regulations must be strengthened to prevent groundwater contamination, while agricultural runoff management requires innovative approaches to reduce eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, watershed protection initiatives demonstrate remarkable effectiveness in maintaining aquatic biodiversity while supporting regional water allocation needs."

IELTS Speaking Part 3 Application

Environmental Discussion:

"I believe that water scarcity represents one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. Effective conservation strategies require both technological innovation and behavioral changes. For instance, advanced filtration systems can improve water purification efficiency, while community education promotes responsible water stewardship.

The restoration of wetland ecosystems particularly interests me because these areas provide natural filtration while supporting incredible biodiversity. However, we must address industrial contamination sources to ensure long-term ecosystem stability."

IELTS Writing Task 1 Application

Process Description:

"The water treatment process begins with preliminary sedimentation, where large particles settle naturally. Subsequently, chemical coagulation facilitates the clumping of smaller particles, improving filtration efficiency. The filtration stage removes remaining contaminants through multiple barrier systems, while final disinfection ensures elimination of harmful microorganisms before distribution to consumers."

Practice Exercises & Application

Vocabulary Expansion Activities

Exercise 1: Water Process Collocations Match water-related processes with appropriate descriptors:

  • Filtration → natural, advanced, multi-stage
  • Conservation → water, energy, resource
  • Contamination → groundwater, industrial, chemical
  • Restoration → wetland, habitat, ecosystem

Exercise 2: Academic Register Enhancement

Basic: "Water is dirty because of factories." Academic: "Industrial discharge significantly contaminates freshwater resources."

Basic: "We need to save water." Academic: "Implementing comprehensive conservation measures remains essential."

Basic: "Fish die when water is polluted." Academic: "Water contamination threatens aquatic species survival."

IELTS Task Integration

Writing Task 1 Vocabulary: For water-related processes:

  • "Precipitation initiates the hydrological cycle"
  • "Infiltration replenishes groundwater reserves"
  • "Purification systems remove contaminants effectively"

Writing Task 2 Application: Environmental essay integration:

  • "Sustainable water management requires comprehensive stewardship"
  • "Aquatic ecosystem preservation demands immediate conservation action"
  • "Industrial contamination poses severe threats to freshwater resources"

Speaking Enhancement: Natural conversation patterns:

  • "What concerns me most about water pollution is..."
  • "I find it remarkable how wetland restoration can..."
  • "The most effective conservation strategy seems to be..."

Common Mistakes & Corrections

Frequent Errors

❌ Incorrect Usage: "Water is very important for life and we must keep it clean."

✅ Improved Academic Version: "Freshwater resources require comprehensive protection through sustainable management practices."

❌ Unnatural Collocations: "Strong pollution" / "Heavy conservation"

✅ Natural Collocations: "Severe contamination" / "Intensive conservation"

❌ Register Mismatch: "Dirty water makes animals sick."

✅ Appropriate Academic Register: "Water contamination threatens aquatic ecosystem stability."

Enhancement Strategies

Precision Improvement:

  • Replace "dirty" → "contaminated/polluted/degraded"
  • Replace "clean" → "purified/treated/filtered"
  • Replace "save" → "conserve/preserve/protect"

Academic Formality:

  • "use" → "utilize/employ/implement"
  • "help" → "facilitate/support/enhance"
  • "stop" → "prevent/eliminate/mitigate"

Systematic Learning Framework

Weekly Vocabulary Development Plan

Week 1: Water Conservation & Management

  • Master 30 conservation-related vocabulary items
  • Practice natural collocations with management terms
  • Apply vocabulary to environmental Writing Task 2 essays
  • Integrate terms into Speaking Part 3 conservation discussions

Week 2: Water Quality & Treatment

  • Learn technical water treatment terminology
  • Focus on process description vocabulary
  • Practice Writing Task 1 process explanations
  • Develop confidence in technical discussions

Week 3: Aquatic Ecosystems & Biodiversity

  • Master ecological vocabulary and concepts
  • Practice cause-and-effect language structures
  • Apply terms to environmental protection topics
  • Integrate into Speaking Part 2 nature topics

Week 4: Water Pollution & Environmental Impact

  • Learn pollution and impact terminology
  • Practice problem-solution essay structures
  • Apply vocabulary to environmental crisis topics
  • Develop expertise in environmental analysis

Week 5: Hydrological Processes Integration

  • Master water cycle and flow terminology
  • Practice comprehensive water topic discussions
  • Apply all vocabulary categories systematically
  • Integrate into advanced environmental communication

Assessment & Progress Tracking

Self-Evaluation Criteria: □ Accuracy: Use water terms with precise definitions and context □ Naturalness: Employ authentic collocations and expressions □ Register: Maintain appropriate academic formality □ Range: Demonstrate vocabulary variety across water topics □ Integration: Seamlessly incorporate terms into extended communication

Enhance your IELTS environmental vocabulary with these complementary guides:

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How important is water vocabulary for IELTS environmental topics? A: Water vocabulary is essential for environmental IELTS topics, appearing frequently in Writing Task 2 essays, Reading passages, and Speaking discussions. Mastering 150-180 water-related terms with natural collocations significantly enhances performance across all environmental contexts and demonstrates sophisticated environmental awareness.

Q: Should I memorize technical water treatment processes for IELTS? A: Focus on understanding key processes and their vocabulary rather than memorizing complex technical details. IELTS tests ability to communicate about water topics clearly and accurately using appropriate terminology. Emphasize natural collocations and proper academic register over highly technical specifications.

Q: How can I use water vocabulary naturally in IELTS Speaking? A: Connect water vocabulary to personal experiences, local environmental issues, or global concerns you genuinely care about. Practice discussing water conservation in your community, local water quality issues, or environmental protection measures. Authentic personal connections make vocabulary usage more natural and memorable.

Q: What's the difference between basic and advanced water vocabulary? A: Basic water vocabulary includes simple terms like "clean," "dirty," and "river." Advanced B2+ vocabulary incorporates precise terminology like "purification," "contamination," "watershed," and "eutrophication" with natural collocations and appropriate academic register. Advanced vocabulary demonstrates sophisticated environmental awareness.

Q: How do I avoid overusing water vocabulary in environmental essays? A: Balance water-specific vocabulary with broader environmental terminology and general academic language. Use water vocabulary when directly relevant to the topic, but maintain variety through synonyms, related environmental terms, and general academic expressions. Natural integration serves communication better than forced technical usage.

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